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| What is Multiprogramming Operating System with Example |
An operating system with multiprogramming capabilities can run multiple programs on a single CPU.
There are multiple jobs, programs, or tasks running in the main memory at once.
Although buffering and spooling can overlap CPU and I/O operations to increase system performance, they have certain drawbacks, as one user cannot always keep the CPU or I/O occupied.
What is the Multiprogramming Operating System?
A computer with a single CPU can run many programs thanks to a multiprogramming operating system. In an operating system with many programs, if one program needs to wait for an input/output transfer, the other programs are prepared to use the CPU.
Consequently, different jobs could share CPU time. Nonetheless, it is not required that they complete their tasks at the same time.
A program is referred to as a "Task," "Process," or "Job" when it is being executed. When compared to serial and batch processing systems, concurrent program executions result in better system performance and resource consumption.
The main objective of multiprogramming is resource management for the entire system. The file system, transitory area, command processor, and I/O control system are the main parts of a multiprogramming system. Because of this, operating systems with many programs are made to store various programs according to the sub-segmentation of the temporary region. The fundamental operations of the operating system are connected to the resource management procedures.
Examples of Multiprogramming Operating System
- Desktop operating systems: Windows, macOS, Linux variations, etc. These are contemporary operating systems that use a variety of multiprogramming ideas to work. On a system running one of these (or more) operating systems, a user can run numerous jobs simultaneously. For example, a lot of games are made to run on just one processing core.
- It is possible to send and receive text messages and listen to music on phones running Android, iOS, and other mobile operating systems.
- Application software includes music players, Office, and widely used web browsers. Any contemporary web browser would allow a user to launch as many windows or tabs as necessary in order to view multiple websites simultaneously.
Types of the Multiprogramming Operating System
Operating systems with multiple programs can be divided into two categories. The following is a list of these in order:
- Multitasking Operating System
- Multiuser Operating System
Multitasking Operating System
An operating system that supports multitasking allows two or more programs to run simultaneously. To do this, the operating system moves each program one at a time into and out of memory. A program is momentarily stored on disk when it is switched out of memory until it is needed once again.
Multiuser Operating System
Many users can share processing time on a potent central computer from various terminals thanks to a multiuser operating system. In order to do this, the operating system quickly switches between terminals, giving each of them a set amount of CPU time on the main computer.
Every user appears to have constant access to the central computer because the operating system switches between terminals so fast. On a system such as this, the number of users might make the delay of the central computer in responding more noticeable.
Features of Multiprogramming
- For implementation, a single CPU is required.
- Transition between processes in context.
- When the ongoing process enters a waiting state, switching takes place.
- There is less CPU idle time.
- High use of available resources.
- Excellent Results.
Advantages
The following are the benefits of an operating system with multiple programs:
- The high CPU use can be attributed to the CPU's constant state of operation.
- Memory use is effective.
- In addition to supporting numerous interactive user terminals, CPU throughput is high.
Disadvantages
- It is necessary to have prior understanding of scheduling algorithms, which determine which process will use the CPU next.
- Long-term jobs will need to have a lengthy wait if it has a lot of positions.
- Since all kinds of tasks are kept in main memory, memory management is required by the operating system.
- An increased use of multiprogramming may result in a heat-up problem.
Two categories of scheduling algorithms exist.
Preemptive scheduling algorithm: If many processes wish to access the crucial part, they will be permitted to do so. However, they will only be able to do so uninterrupted if there isn't any other progress in the critical section.
Non-preemptive scheduling algorithm: If a process encounters a vital area, it won't exit it until the task is completed.
Working of the Multiprogramming Operating System
Many programs may share CPU time, with one waiting for an I/O transfer while another is always available to use the processor. While not all tasks are completed concurrently, multiple jobs may be executing concurrently on the processor, as well as segments of other processes that are executed first, followed by another, etc. Therefore, the main objective of a multiprogramming system is to maintain CPU activity until a certain number of tasks become available in the job pool. As a result, a single processor computer may run multiple programs, and the CPU is never idle.
Conclusion
In a multiprogramming operating system, other programs use the CPU and other resources while a program waits for an I/O transfer.
The simultaneous execution of multiple tasks on a single computer system is known as multiprogramming. Handling all of the system's resources is one of the main goals of multiprogramming.
What is multiprogramming with example?
An operating system with multiprogramming capabilities can run many programs on a single CPU. A few examples include the ability to simultaneously use Google Chrome or Firefox for web browsing, MS Excel, apps, and data transfers between locations.
What are difference between multiprogramming and multiprocessing?
Multiprocessing and multiprogramming are two different things. Multiprocessing is essentially running many processes simultaneously on multiple processors, whereas multiprogramming is maintaining multiple programs in main memory and running them simultaneously on a single CPU.
What is the structure of the multiprogramming system?
There is a description of a multiprogramming system where all operations are split up among several consecutive processes. These successive procedures are arranged at different levels of hierarchy, where one or more separate abstractions are applied.
What is the degree of multiprogramming in OS?
The greatest number of processes that a single-processor system can effectively support is described by the degree of multiprogramming[2]. The quantity of memory that can be dedicated to running processes is the main element influencing the level of multiprogramming.
What is the objective of multiprogramming?
Therefore, maintaining CPU activity for the duration of processes that are executing is the primary goal of multiprogramming. The CPU will never be left idle in an operating system that supports multiple programs, so it will always be active. We will delve further into the Multiprogramming Operating System in this essay.
